So, strangely, the only log that even seems to recognize something happens is /var/log/httpd/access_log, which shows:
1.2.3.4 - - [19/Jan/2022:13:54:01 -0700] "GET /?_task=settings&_action=folders HTTP/1.1" 500 - "https://roundcube.example.com/?_task=settings" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Fedora; Linux x86_64; rv:95.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/95.0"
/var/log/httpd/ssl_access_log, /var/log/httpd/error_log, /var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log, and /var/www/html/roundcube/logs/errors all don't show anything when I try to load that page. Possibly a PHP or network timeout that's killing it too quickly? My PHP memory limit is set to 128 MB, but I can hike this to 512 MB, but I don't think that's the issue. And max_execution_time is set to 30 seconds, so I don't think that's it, either. :/
On the webserver, when I try to list the folders, I get the following in /var/log/maillog:
Jan 19 13:58:54 mail_server imapd[23389]: imap service init from 1.2.3.250
Jan 19 13:58:54 mail_server imapd[23389]: Login user=user@example.com host=roundcube.example.com.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa [1.2.3.250]
Jan 19 13:59:10 mail_server imapd[23389]: Logout user=user@example.com host=roundcube.example.com.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa [1.2.3.250]