I captured an example message that left one of these image files. The only thing I see that is unusual is that the picture was quite large, putting the entire size over 256K (note the final X-SA-Exim-Scanned message). That might explain why roundcube breaks it out of the message and stores it in /tmp, but not why it doesn't clean up afterwards.
Here it is in redacted form:
From marketplace-bounces@nowhere.com Fri Jan 03 17:59:50 2014
Return-path: <marketplace-bounces@nowhere.com>
Envelope-to: arecipient@amachine.nowhere.com
Delivery-date: Fri, 03 Jan 2014 17:59:50 -0800
Received: from outgoing-mail.its.nowhere.com ([131.215.239.19])
by newamachine.nowhere.com ([131.215.12.41]:25)
with esmtp id 1VzGWk-0004Tz-2j - Using Exim-4.72 (MandrivaLinux) MTA
(return-path <marketplace-bounces@nowhere.com>); Fri, 03 Jan 2014 17:59:50 -0800
Received: by fire-doxen.nowhere.com (Postfix, from userid 60008)
id EC72B3280C2; Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:44 -0800 (PST)
X-Original-To: arecipient@nowhere.com
Received: from shift.nowhere.com (shift [192.168.1.23])
by fire-doxen-postvirus (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64EC4328060;
Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:39 -0800 (PST)
Delivered-To: marketplace@nowhere.com
Received: from fire-doxen.imss.nowhere.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by fire-doxen-postvirus (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4062A328049
for <marketplace@nowhere.com>; Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:31 -0800 (PST)
X-Spam-Scanned: at Caltech-IMSS on fire-doxen by amavisd-new
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -14.3
X-Spam-Level:
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-14.3 tagged_above=-10000 required=5
tests=[ALL_TRUSTED=-3.8, CIT_AUTH_FROM=-4.4, CIT_AUTH_SMTP=-1.5,
CIT_FROM_ADDR=-0.7, CIT_NET_FROM=-3.9] autolearn=disabled
Received: from webmail.nowhere.com (fire-griffen [192.168.1.231])
(Authenticated sender: asender)
by fire-doxen-ssl (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4394B328005
for <marketplace@nowhere.com>; Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:29 -0800 (PST)
Received: from 131.215.220.166 (SquirrelMail authenticated user asender)
by webmail.nowhere.com with HTTP;
Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:29 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <7724.131.215.220.166.1388800769.squirrel@webmail.nowhere.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2014 17:59:29 -0800 (PST)
From: asender@nowhere.com
To: marketplace@nowhere.com
User-Agent: SquirrelMail/1.4.8-5.el5_7.13
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary="----=_20140103175929_87299"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Importance: Normal
Subject: [marketplace] selling lovely lawn chair for $15
X-BeenThere: marketplace@nowhere.com
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.9
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Classifieds at Caltech: sell your books, bikes, furniture, car, etc.;
find a roommate or rideshare" <marketplace.nowhere.com>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://utils.its.nowhere.com/mailman/listinfo/marketplace>,
<mailto:marketplace-request@nowhere.com?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <https://utils.its.nowhere.com/mailman/private/marketplace>
List-Post: <mailto:marketplace@nowhere.com>
List-Help: <mailto:marketplace-request@nowhere.com?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://utils.its.nowhere.com/mailman/listinfo/marketplace>,
<mailto:marketplace-request@nowhere.com?subject=subscribe>
Errors-To: marketplace-bounces@nowhere.com
X-SA-Exim-Connect-IP: 131.215.239.19
X-SA-Exim-Mail-From: marketplace-bounces@nowhere.com
X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No (on newamachine.nowhere.com); Message bigger than SAmaxbody (256000)
X-UID: 27594
Status: RO
Content-Length: 978237
------=_20140103175929_87299
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
A normal text message body.
Sender's signature
------=_20140103175929_87299
Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="photo.JPG"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="photo.JPG"
/9j/4Q/+RXhpZgAATU0AKgAAAAgACgEPAAIAAAAGAAAAhgEQAAIAAAAJAAAAjAESAAMAAAABAAYA
(many lines deleted)
3FyRHLhcK7HAx6GjS/8Aj31f/fP9Kpt/yLt39B/OuetSXtOU8yUbQuj/2Q==
------=_20140103175929_87299
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline
_______________________________________________
marketplace mailing list
marketplace@nowhere.com
https://utils.its.nowhere.com/mailman/listinfo/marketplace
------=_20140103175929_87299--
Thanks.